Swimming Pool/Spa Codes and the Certified Pool/Spa Operator (CPO)

• Pool and Hot Tub Alliance History
• Codes and Regulations
  • Annual Permit
  • Approval of Plans
  • Water Chemistry
  • Water Testing
  • Water Filtration and Recirculation
  • Water Clarity
  • Safety Equipment
  • Records
  • Chlorine Gas
  • Markings
  • “Grandfather Clause”
  • Pool Closure
• Types of Pools
  • Public
  • Semipublic
  • Special-use
  • Private
• Certification of Pool/Spa Operators
• Job Description
  • Spa Operators
  • Public Pool Operators
  • Pool Technicians
• Liability
  • Violations
  • Responsibility
  • Performance
  • Insurance

Swimming Pool Calculations

• Equivalents
  • Metric Equivalents
• Calculating Surface Area
  • Geometric Formulas
  • Multisided Pools
  • Circular Pools
  • Free-form Pools
  • Interior Walls and Floors
  • Coved Pools
• Calculating Pool Capacity
  • Volume/One Inch in Depth
• Makeup Water
• Calculating Maximum User Load
  • Spas
  • Public Indoor Pools
  • Public Outdoor Pools
  • Private Pools and Spas
• Calculating Filter Surface Area
• Determining Flow Rate

Filters and Filtration

• Water Clarity
  • Turnover Rate
  • Filter Area
  • Filter Media
  • Filter Systems
• Filter Sizing
  • Turnover
  • Filter Flow Rate
• Rapid Sand Pressure Filters
  • Filtering Rates
  • Backwashing
• Vacuum Sand Filters
• High Rate Sand Filters
• Diatomaceous Earth Filters
  • Types of D. E. Filters
  • D. E. elements
  • Slurry Feeding
  • Precoating
  • Extending Filter Runs
  • Cleaning D. E. Filters|
  • Regenerative D. E. Filters
• Cartridge Filters

Pool Circulation and Recirculation Equipment

• Water Distribution
  • Outlets
  • Inlets
• Recirculation Equipment
  • Recirculation Pump
  • Pump Sizing
  • Measurement of Total Dynamic Head
  • Hair and Lint Strainers
  • Surge Chamber or Balancing Tank
  • Piping
  • Valves
  • Flow Controllers and Flow Switches
  • Pressure Gauges
  • Flow Meters
• Interpreting Gauges and Flow Meters
• Performance Checks
  • Vacuum System
  • Pressure System

Pool Water Sanitizing and Chemical Balance

• Chlorination
  • Sanitation
  • Oxidation
  • Superchlorination
  • Combined Chlorine
  • Breakpoint Chlorination
  • Inorganic and Organic Chlorine
  • Effect of pH on Chlorine
  • Chlorine Gas
  • Sodium Hypochlorite
  • Calcium Hypochlorite
  • Lithium Hypochlorite
  • Chlorinated Isocyanurates
  • Chlorination Summary
• Alternative Sanitizers
  • Bromine
  • Iodine
  • Ozone
• Electrolytic Cells
  • Brine Method
  • In-Line Method
  • Automation
• Silver
• Non-Chlorine Oxidizers
• Other Pool Chemicals
  • Flocculants
  • Algicides
  • Chelating or Sequestering Agents
  • Degreasers
  • Defoamers
  • Cyanuric Acid
• Chemical Equilibrium
  • Calcium Carbonate
  • Hot Water
  • Understanding pH
  • Control of pH
  • Total Alkalinity
  • Control of Total Alkalinity
  • Understanding Calcium Hardness
  • Controlling Calcium Hardness
  • Water Saturation Summary
• Chemical Balancing
  • Corrosive vs. Non-corrosive
  • Irritating vs. Non-irritating
  • Staining vs. Non-staining
  • Clarity 

Pool Water Testing

• Testing for Bacteria
• Testing for Chlorine
  • OTO Method
  • DPD Methods
    • Free Available Chlorine Test
    • Total Chlorine Test
    • Combined Chlorine Calculation
  • Dilution Method
• Testing for pH Values
  • Solution Method
  • Tablet Method
• Testing for Hardness
  • Total Hardness
  • Calcium Hardness
• Testing for Total Alkalinity
• Testing for Cyanuric Acid
• Testing for TDS
• Testing for Copper
• Testing for Iron
• ORP Testing
• Test Strips
• Analyzing and Adjusting Water Chemistry
• Summary

Spas, Tubs and Hot Water Therapy Pools

• Codes and Regulations
  • Codes and Standards for Operation
• Bather Load
  • Calculating Load
  • Controlling Load
• Chemical Operation Standards
• Alkalinity
• Water Hardness
• Spa Chemical Adjustments
  • Dilution of Chemicals
  • TDS Standards
• Chlorine or Disinfection Concentrations
• Filtration Standards
• Filter Maintenance
• Recirculation
• Spa Designs
  • Types and Construction
• Start-Up Procedures
• Maintenance
  • Fiberglass Repairs
  • Hot Tub Care
• Maintenance Problems and Procedures
  • Troubleshooting
• “Dumping” the Spa
  • When to Dump
  • Problems of Dumping
• Drains and Drain Covers
• Heaters and Heating System Efficiency
• Heater Sizing
• Safety
  • Timer Switch
  • Supervision
  • Signage
• Safety Procedures
• Records

Pool Management

• Pool Survey and Operations Report Form
• Records and Files
  • Record Keeping
  • Equipment Data Form
  • Operational Checklist
• Training Personnel
  • Job Performance
  • Staff Orientation
• Maintenance Schedules
  • Spa and Hot Water Pools
  • Residential, Motel, Hotel and Agency Pools
  • Public and Commercial Pools
  • Pool Area
  • Halls, Lobby, and Passageways
  • Pool Bottom
  • Locker Rooms
  • Office and Service Area
  • Grounds
  • Filter Room
• Opening and Closing
• Planning for Operation
  • Calculating Swimmer and User Capacity
  • Anticipating Operational Demands
  • Water Recovery
  • Maintenance Demands
  • Establishing a Maintenance Formula
• Budget Planning
  • Energy Costs
  • Operational Costs
  • Maintenance Costs
  • Personnel Costs

Swimming Pool and Spa Maintenance

• Plans, Operation Manuals, Record and Codes
• Codes
• Tagging, Color Coding, Checklist
• Routine Maintenance
  • Pools and Locker Room Floors
  • Pool Sides, Troughs and Skimmers
  • Pool Bottom
  • Diving Boards and Slides
  • Locker Rooms
  • Office, Basket Rooms, Staff Rooms, and Service Areas
  • Entrance, Lobby and Halls
  • Grounds and Outside Environment
  • Lights
  • Filter Pump and Motor
  • Filter and Skimmer Strainers
  • Pressure Gauges and Flow Meters
  • Chemical Feeders
  • Gas Chlorinators
  • Chlorinator Maintenance
  • Chlorine Leak
  • Loss of Chlorine Feed
  • Exchanging Chlorine Tanks
  • Water Heaters
  • Heat Loss from Pool Surface
  • Underwater Lights
  • Changing Underwater Lights
  • Valves
• Preventive Maintenance
  • Filter Room
  • Locker Rooms
  • Pool
  • Entry and Grounds
  • Automation

Pool Operation Problems and Chemical Adjustments

• Troubleshooting
• Sensing Problems
• Back-up Plans
• Common Problems
• Chemical Adjustments
• Adding Chemicals
• How Much of What Chemical
• Superchlorination

Care of Seasonal Pools

• Winterizing
  • Hydrostatic Pressure
  • Pool Blankets
  • Preventing Deterioration and Freezing
  • Vandalism
  • Disassembling and Assembling
  • Pool Water Chemistry
  • Utilities
• Spring Start-up

Energy Conservation and Alternative Energy Sources

• Types of Heat Loss
  • Radiation
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Evaporation
• Factors Affecting Amount of Heat Loss
• Energy and Cost Conservation Methods
• Pool Blankets
• Additional Tips to Conserve Energy
  • Lighting
  • Heaters
  • Swimming Season
  • Spas
  • Pool Shelter
• Alternative Energy Sources
  • Geothermal
  • Solar Energy
  • Solar Collectors
  • Design Considerations
• Heat Pumps
• Insulation
• Summary

Energy Management

• Training Staff
• Energy Audits and Studies
• Energy Calculations
• Cost Comparisons
• NSPI Energy Conservation Checklist
• Reading Electric Meters
• Energy Audit Outline
• Major Areas of Energy Loss

Renovation and Modernization

• Modernization
• Renovation
  • Survey for Dangerous Pool Conditions
  • Survey for Water Conditions
  • Survey for Water Loss
  • Survey for Increased Space
  • Meeting New Code and Operational Standards
  • Survey for Facility Aging
  • Survey for Maintenance Reduction
  • Survey for Energy Cost and Loss
• Developing a Renovation and Modernization Plan

Disease and Accident Prevention

• Pool Water as a Disease Carrier
• Other Sources of Disease
• Disease Prevention
• Accident Prevention
  • Accidents
• Safety Practices
  • Chemicals
  • Chlorine Safety
  • Handling Chlorine Tanks
  • Warning Signs for a Chlorine Room
• Chlorine Room Emergency Procedures
  • Minor Leak
  • Major Leak or Cylinder Rupture
  • Exposure: First Aid — Inhalation
  • Exposure: First Aid — Contact with Skin or Eyes
• Safety Features
  • Lighting
  • Marking
  • Signs
  • Obstructions and Obstacles
  • Safety Inspection
  • Diving Safety
  • Fire Extinguisher
• Emergencies
  • First Aid Room and Equipment
  • First Aid Kit
  • Rescue Breathing
• Hazard Communication Program
  • Material Safety Data Sheets
  • Labels
  • Written Hazard Communication Program
  • Employee Information and Training